The European Commission last month recommended that €7.5 billion of EU funds to Budapest should be frozen because reforms to strengthen the rule of law in Hungary fell short.

But EU ambassadors agreed to lower the amount frozen to €6.3 billion and approved €5.8 billion post-COVID recovery funding.

In exchange, Bupadest lifted its veto on two key files that required unanimity among EU countries: €18 billion in aid for Ukraine and a global corporate tax.

“Megadeal! EU ambassadors approved in principle a package of €18 billion in support for Ukraine, 15% minimum tax for big corporations, approval of Hungary’s RRP [post-COVID recovery and resilience plan] and an agreement on conditionality,” the Czech Presidency of the European Council said on Twitter.

Budapest will however still need to complete the 27 “super milestones” set out by the European Commission in order to get the funds under the conditionality mechanism and the recovery plan.

These include reforms to strengthen judiciary independence, new rules on auditing and reporting on EU funds, the creation of new independent anti-corruption bodies, and stronger rules to crack down on conflicts of interest.

Hungary’s total cohesion envelope for the 2021-2027 period is €22.5 billion. This means that even if €6.3 billion is frozen, around €16 billion can be committed as normal, amounting to about €3.7 billion a year from 2022.

But Budapest has up to two years to reach the super milestones set by the Commission and unlock the frozen funds. A senior EU official said last month that it expected the Hungarian government to attain these milestones before the end of the first quarter.

The decision is likely bruising for the European Commission, which had last week — after being asked by some of the bloc’s member states to release a new rule of law analysis that would include reforms passed by the Hungarian government earlier this month in a bid to lower the amount frozen — stood by its initial assessment.

It is therefore a victory for Budapest, which successfully wielded its veto on the two other key files in order to secure the EU funds.

On the package of assistance to cover Ukraine’s budget shortfall for 2023, Budapest had argued against raising money on the markets and said it preferred providing assistance to Ukraine on a bilateral basis despite its share being lower as part of an EU package.

It opposed the global corporate tax, known as Pillar II, for months arguing that with the world economy in the slump because of COVID-19 and Russia’s war in Ukraine it was not the time to raise taxes. Yet it upped taxes for small businesses over the summer triggering mass protests.

Johannes Hahn, Commissioner for Budget, nevertheless described the decision as a “big moment for rule of law and EU funds!”

“(The) first use of the conditionality mechanism proves effective, delivering structural improvements,” he said on Twitter.