Thirty nine people were rescued when a dinghy ran into difficulties off the Kent coast on Wednesday, but four, including a teenager, died.
Ibrahima Bah, 19, of no fixed address, was arrested on Friday and is due to appear before magistrates on Monday.
Kent Police said officers were still working to identify those who died and find their next-of-kin.
A statement issued by the force said the Crown Prosecution Service had authorised a charge against Mr Bah of knowingly facilitating the attempted arrival in the UK of people he knew or had reasonable cause to believe were asylum seekers.
Eight children were among those who were successfully rescued.
A dramatic rescue operation saw people in T-shirts and thin lifejackets shouting for help as people were pulled from the water. The incident happened at night and helicopters lit the scene as people were airlifted away.